A variable order framework for 3D nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete frames under general loading

A framework for the analysis of three-dimensional reinforced concrete frame structures, capable reproducing general failure modes, is presented. force-based model which guarantees equilibrium between nodal and sectional forces enhanced by means a cross-sectional model. It capturing complex coupling all internal forces. Consequently, different modes can be reproduced such as shear, torsional, flexural or axial failures. Material modeling made using plastic-damage that incorporates variable dilatancy parameter. The constitutive models are implemented in OpenSees. used at each integration point element. Alternatively, it only where high expected, producing order structural validation shows element accurately reproduce beams columns under monotonic cyclic loads. presented powerful numerical instrument analysis, design assessment buildings bridges.